Environmental threats do not respect national borders. Governments have realized that to avert this danger they must notify and consult each other on all major projects under consideration that might have adverse environmental impact across borders. The Espoo Convention is a key step to bringing together all stakeholders to prevent environmental damage before it occurs. The Convention entered into force in 1997 (http://www.unece.org/). Among the Arctic states, Iceland, the Russian Federation, and the US have signed but not ratified it.
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