The goal of the Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR), mandated in the 2002 Inari Declaration, is to provide “… a comprehensive knowledge base for the Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Programme.” This report provides a scientific assessment that fulfills this goal. To this end, the report deals with five major topics: (i) policy-relevant conclusions, (ii) success stories, (iii) gaps in knowledge, (iv) regional perspectives on human development and (v) follow up activities.